Vocabulary: One Word Substitution

Given below are a number of phrases and a single word substitute for each of them.

Bureaucracy

Phrases/expressions	One Word Substitution
1. One who knows many languages.	Linguist.
2. Being unable to pay one's debts.	Insolvant.
3. Having an evil reputation.	Notorious
4. One who leaves his country to settle elsewhere,	Emigrant .
person who lives at the same time as another	Contemporary
A person whocan neither read nor write	Illiterate.
A person who spends his moneyrecklessly	Spendthrift.
8. A person who lives by himself.	Recluse.
9. A woman whose husband is dead.	Widow.
10. A man whose wife is dead.	Widower .
11. A child whose parents are dead.	Orphan.
12. A minister representing a sovereign or state in a  foreign country.	Ambassador.
13. A person sent on a mission (usually official).'	Emissary.
14. A person who is indifferent to pleasure or pain.	Stoic.
I5.One who defends or is zealous for his country's  freedom or rights.	Patriot.
16. One who makes an eloquent public speech,	Orator.
17. One who undergoes penalty of death for sticking to his faith	Martyr.
18. One who abandons his religious faith.	Apostate.
19.One who is given to questioning the truth of facts and the soundness of inferences.	Sceptic.
20.Belonging to all parts of the world; a person familiar with many different countries.	Cosmopolitan
21.One who resides in a country of which he is not a citizen	Alien
22. One who comes as a settler into a foreign country.	Immigrant
23. Being present everywhere.	Omnipresent
24.Being ail-powaful.	Omnipotent
25 .One who knows everything.	Omniscient
26. Beyond making a mistake.	Infallible
27. One who eats human flesh.	Cannibal
28. One who looks at the dark side of things.	Pessimist
29. One who looks at the bright side of things	Optimisit
30.  Not being able to be elected or selected under the rules.	Ineligible
31. One who loves and Works for bis fellow men.	Philanthropist
32. One who hates mankind.	Misanthropist
33.One who lives on vegetables.	Vegetarian
34.  One who has belief in the existence of God.	Theist
35.One who has no belief in the existance of God	Atheist
36. One who believes in fate	Fatalist.
37.One who plays a game for pleasure and not professionally.	Amateur
38.One who has grown old in orhas long experience of (specially military) service or occupation	Veteran
39.One who lends money atvexhorbitant rates of interest.	Usurer
40.  A person who collects fares on a public Vehicle.	Conductor
41.The practice of having more than One wife at the same time.	Polygamy
42.A general pardon ofpolitical offenders.	Amnesty
43.Fond of entertaining guests.	Hospitable
44.  One who totally abstains from alcoholic drinks.	Teetotalier
45.One who walks on foot.	Pedestrian
46.Taking ofone's own life,	Suicide
47. Murder of a king.	Regicide
48.Murder of a new-born infant.	Infanticide
49.Murder of one's own father /mother/brother.	Patricide/Matricide/Fratricide
50. The killing of human beings.	Homicide
51. A child born after the death of his father or a book  published after the death of its author.	Posthgmous
52 Forbidden, prohibited by law.	Illicit
53. A man whose manners are more like those of a woman.	Effiminate
54. A midicine to counteract the effect of poison.	Antidote
55.  A speech made without preparation.	Extempore
56.  A language that is no longer spoken.	Dead
57.The word which is no longer in use.	Obsolete
58.The motive merely to get money.	Mercenary
59. Existing for ever — without any beginning or end.	Eternal
60. Subject to death.	Mortal
61. Resulting in death.	Fatal or mortal
62. Property inherited from one's father or ancestors.	Patrimony
63.A paper written by hand.	Manuscript
64. The result of the match where neither party wins.	Draw
65. Animals which give suck to their young	Mammals
66. Method of sending messages without the help of wires.	Wireless or radio
67. A place for burial of dead bodies.	Cemetery
68. Counterfeiting of document.	Forgery
69. Of one's own free will.	Voluntary
70. Give tit for tat.	Retaliate
71. The cessation of warfare before a treaty is signed.	Armistice
72. The science of reasoning.	Logic
73. Belonging to all parts of the world.	Universal
74. A figure with many angles or sides.	Polygon
75. An instrument for measuring temperature.	Thermometer
76. Compulsory enlistment for military or other service.	Conscription
77. A place where young plants are reared.	Nursery
78. ne absence of government in a country.	Anarchy
79. A state in which the Government is carried on nominally. and usually in fact also, by the people or their elected representatives without a monarch.	Republic
80. Government carried on by an absolute ruler.	Dictatorship
81. Government by the representatives of the people.	Democracy
82. Government by officials.
83. An absolute government.	Autocracy
84. ne life history of a person written by another.	Biography
85. The life history of a person written by himself.	Autobiography
86. Conferred as an honour. or performed without pay.	Honorary
87. The yearly return of a date.	Anniversary
88. Of unknown or unadmitted authorship.	Anonymous
89. Allowing the passage of light.	Transparent
90. Not allowing the passage of light.	Opaque
91. A substance that kills insects.	Insecticide
92. Occurring at the same time.	Simultaneous
93. An assembly of worshippers.	Congregation
94. An assembly of listeners.	Audience
95. A substance that kills germs.	Germicide
96. A cure for all diseases.	Panacea
97. All of one mind.	Unanimous
98. Contrary to law.	Illegal
99. Not definitely or clearly expressed.	Inexplicit
100. That which cannot be excused.	Inexcusable
101.That which cannot be taken by force of arms.	Impregnable
102. That which cannot be admitted or allowed.	Inadmissible
103.That which cannot be reached.	Inaccessible
104. That which cannot be perceived by sense.	Imperceptible
105. That which cannot be destroyed.	Indestructible
106. That which cannot be altered or recalled.	Irrevocable
107. That which cannot be dispensed with.	Indispensable
108. That which cannot be burnt.	Incombustible
109. That which cannot be divided.	Indivisible
110. That which cannot be reconciled.	Irreconcilable
111. That which cannot be recovered.	Irrevocable
112. That which cannot be seen.	Invisible
113. That which cannot be read	Illegible
114. That which cannot be heard.	Inaudible
115. That which cannot be conquered.	Invincible
116. That which cannot be w	Invulnerable
117. That which cannot be believed.	Incredible
118. That which can be easily set on fire.	Inflammable
119. That which cannot be avoided.	Unavoidable
120. That which cannot be expressed in words	Inexpressible

Practice Time : Mumbai's Dabbawalas

Activity 1 A : Read the activity. Read the extract and do all the activities.  (12)
A1 : State whether the following statements are true or false       2
1. Small army of dabbawalas delivers lunches sharply at 12:30 a.m. on the dot.
2. Lunches can be ordered over Internet.
3. Mumbai Dabbawala Association is a streamlined organisation with 5000 illiterate members.
4. At Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus BBC crew found other fast moving Dabbawalas.


Hungry? Would you like to have a fresh, hot meal from home? Most managers don't have that choice. It's either a sandwich, a pizza or a trip to a restaurant, unless you live in Mumbai, that is, where a small army of 'dabbawalas' picks up 300,000 lunches from homes and delivers them to students managers and workers every working day at their desks, 12.30 pm on the dot. Served hot, off course.
And now you can even order over the Internet. The Mumbai Dabbawala Association is a streamlined organization with 5000 semiliterate members providing a quality door-to-door service to a large and loyal customer base. What should we learn from this unique, simple and highly efficient120-year-old logistics system? How has it managed to survive through these tumultuous years? The answer lies in at win process that combines competitive collaboration between team members with a high level of technical efficiency in logistics management. It works like this. After the customer leaves for work, the lunch is packed into a tiffin box provided by the dabbawala. A colour-coded notation on the lid identifies its owner, destination and dabbawala. Once the dabbawala has picked up the tiffin, he moves fast using a combination of bicycles, trains and his two feet.A BBC crew filming dabbawalas in action was amazed at their speed. "Following our dabbawala wasn't easy, our film crew quickly lost him in the congestion of the train station. At Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus we found other fast moving dabbawalas, but not our subject... and at Mr. Bapat's ayurvedic pharmacy, the lunch had arrived long before the 'film crew” the documentary noted wryly. This efficiency has marvelled all management gurus. So, how do they work so efficiently?

A2:Describe briefly the working of Dabbawala in the following flowchart    2


A3 : Read the statement and point out the conclusion by selecting appropriate
options: 2        
Hungry.Would you like to have a fresh, hot meal from home? Most Managers don't have that choice.
 1. All managers can have fresh hot meal from home.
2. A few managers can have a fresh hot meal from home.
 3. All managers cannot have a fresh hot meal from home.
 4. Some managers cannot have afresh hot meal from home.
A4 :  Write the antonyms of the following words       2
i) Efficient       ii)loyal      iii) management                   iv)  technical
A5: List the qualities that you learn from dabbawalas    2
A6:  Grammar: 1.The lunch is packed into tiffin box.(Identify the tense)  1
 2. Following our dabbawalas wasn't easy. (Replace ‘easy’ with ‘difficult’)  1

Poetic Sense

Be strong enough to fight evil.
Be wealthy enough to be happy.
Be healthy enough to work for civil.
Be wise enough to work with floppy.

Editing Errors

The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet against the correct question number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied.

Incorrect / Correct

The degree to which we accepted other a)people depend in the degree of our own self awareness,
 b)Only If we is well established psychologically,
  c)we are able too relate to people in such a way
 d)that they can mobilize there feelings and energies
 e)towards grow and fulfilment, We do not feel
 f)accepted unless the very worst in we is accepted too,
g)We do not like when Judgment is pass on us,
 h)A godlike wisdom or immunity from human
 frailties is required for acceptance.

       Incorrect / Correct

e.g. accepted/accept
a)_______/________
b)_______/________
c) _______/________
d)_______/________
e)_______/________
f)_______/________
g)_______/________
h)_______/________
(A4) (i) Edit the given paragraph using a/an/the wherever necessary.
Rakesh is a/an ideal son who remains devoted to his father as he grows
professionally to become a/the famous doctor. As his father grows old, he
takes care to spend time with his father, bringing him tea in a/the morning
and taking him out for a/the walk in an/the evening.

Ans: Rakesh is an ideal son who remains devoted to his father as he grows
professionally to become a famous doctor. As his father grows old, he takes care to spend time with his father, bringing him tea in the morning and taking him out for a walk in the evening.

(ii) Spot the errors in each of the following sentences and correct the incorrect
ones.
(a) Radha brought pens and distributed them between her five children.
(b) Jayshree and Sujata sat besides each other in complete silence.
(c) His best friend Vijay was blind within one eye.
(d) One could dare to encroach on his rights.
(e) She was taken with surprise when she saw the famous Taj Mahal.
(f) It is not possible to exchange the goods once the sale has been completed.
(g) Dr. Sengupta has been trying to master the craft for the last five years.
(h) The top-ranking candidates will be appointed in senior jobs in banks.
(i) She knows very well what is expected from her but she is unable to perform.
(j) They will put on a note in this regard for your consideration.

Practice Time : The Best Advice

A1. True/ false
Read the extract, read the activity and do all the activities.
1. The best advice the narrator had was from Mahatma Gandhi. T
2. The narrator was in deep sorrow because she lost her job. F correct : she lost her husband.
3. The narrator had participated in the national struggle for India. T
4. The narrator was a widow. T
The best advice I ever had came from one of the greatest souls the world has ever known – Mahatma Gandhi – on a sunny afternoon a decade ago.
Most people pass through a period of anguish when their belief in humanity is at a low ebb. I was in such a period. My husband had recently died. My deep sorrow over his loss was followed by the humiliating realization that in the eyes of Indian law I had no individual existence. Along with other Indian women I had participated for years with men in the national struggle for freedom, working and suffering side by side with them until it had finally been achieved – yet in law we women were still recognized only through our relationship to men.
Now as widow without a son, I was not entitled to any share of the family property, nor were my two daughters. I resented this galling position. I was bitter towards those members of my family who supported this antiquated law.
At this time I went to pay my respects to Gandhiji and say good-bye before leaving for America to take part in a conference. After our talk he asked, “Have you made your peace with your relatives?”
I was amazed that he would take sides against me. “I have not quarreled with anyone,” I replied, “but I refuse to have anything to do with those who take advantage of an outworn law to create a difficult and humiliating situation for me.”
Gandhiji looked out of the window for a moment. Then he turned to me and smile and said, “You will go and say good-bye because courtesy and decency demand this. In India, we still attach importance to these things.”
“No,” I declared, “not even to please you will I go to those who wish to harm me.”
“No one can harm you except yourself,” he said, still smiling, “I see enough bitterness in your heart to cause you injury unless you check it.”
I remained silent, and he continued: “You are going to a new country because you are unhappy and want to escape. Can you escape from yourself? Will you find happiness outside when there is bitterness in you heart? Think it over. Be a little humble. You have lost a loved one – that is sorrow enough. Must you inflict further injury on yourself because you lack courage to cleanse your own heart?”


A2. Arrange in order
1. She was amazed when Gandhiji took side against her.
2. The narrator went to pay my respects to Gandhiji.
3. She went to America to take part in conference.
4. Gandhiji advised her to make peace with her relatives.
Ans: 2,4,1,3

A3. Pick out the instances used in text which suggest that Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit the narrator believed in gender eqality.
Ans : ' Now as a widow without a son, I was not entitled to any share of the family property, nor my two daughters. I resented this galling position. I was bitter those members of my family who supported this antiquated law.' These instances suggest that the narrator believed in gender eqality.
A4. Give the meanings of the following words.
1. anguish
2. existence
3. widow
4. outworn
A5. Write a peice of advice to your friend who is in deep sorrow and bitter about the relatives .
A6. Rewrite ad instructed.
1. I resented this galling position. ( Begin with ______ This galling........)
This galling position was resented by me.
2. No one can harm you except yourself. ( Rewrite as rhetorical question using wh word )
Who can harm you except yourself?




Extra Activities on the complete text.

1. Complete the statement and rewrite the fact that embittered the writer towards some members of her family is.........

2. Choose the correct options:
 When the writer met her in laws she felt........
1) that her visit had brought a feeling of relief
2) that effect of meeting on her was  miraculous
3) that her peace was lost
4) as if a great burden has been lifted
3. Pick out the instances used in the text which suggest that  the narrator believed in gender equality.

4. Complete the following statements with words or phrases from the text
1)The narrator was the leader of......... delegation.
2) The delegation went to......

5. Correct the statement and rewrite.

The issue that was to be addressed was the treatment of people in New York origin in United Nation.

6. Pick up the incorrect statement
1) The writer retaliated to personal attack.
2) The writer refused to retaliate to  score cheap point.

Practice Time : 3.1 City

1.The speaker in the poem is  old woman. Give evidence from the poem.

2.Write true or false
I) She is young.
II) She is old.
III) She belongs to Village.
IV) She belongs to city.

3. Pick up an expression that shows : she has permanently settled in the City

4.Pick up the lines from the poem that referred to city life.

5. Pick out the words that describe her life.

6. Complete the statement. The words painted on her door indicates that.,.......

7. The way  Woman is living her life indicate no sign of happiness. Pick up examples from the poem to support this statement

8.Look at the lines from the poem referring to friendship. State opinion about her attitude to friendship

9. Compare the life in the village and her life in the City

10. She is now living the life of pretence. Prove it.

11. Complete the statement. The curses of city life described in the poem are........

12. The woman has shut up herself from friends or from others because.......

13. Currently dressed in modern dresses, taking yesterday as a very old hag.  Identify and explain the figures of speech used here .
Pick out an example of each:  metaphor,antithesis and alliteration.

Practice Time : Bike Ride

A 1 : Arrange the following events in order
1.The tears dried  on her cheek .
2. She had received bike that Christmas.
 3.  Her sister gently picked her bike up and motioned her.
4. She was so frustrated that she threw her bike.
Read activity, read the extract and do all the activities
Extract from 2.2 Bike Ride : " I still remember the day ................Perhaps she felt something, too.
A 2 : Complete the statement: The  narrator took it upon herself to learn bike because ........   ......
A 3 : The bike riding experience changed the narrators life. Give instances.
 A 4 :Match the words with their meaning
           A                                  B
    1. Intimacy.         a)  remaining

    2. Doting.            b) close association

    3. Exalted           c) loving

    4. Rest                d) raised up in dignity


A 5 : Write down at least two life skills which will help you.
Ans : Some of the life skills which help us are fearlessness in helping others, showing compassion, treating others with respect and making right decision.

A 6 : a) I couldn't ride bike. It can be written as
1. I reqested to ride bike.
2. I am not able to ride bike.
3. I was able to ride bike.
4. I was not able to ride bike.
b ) I had received the bike that Christmas.( Identify the tense )