1.6 Tiger Hills

Icebreakers 

Ajoy and Sujoy went to watch a cricket match. They enjoyed it very much, but they missed their friends Vinay and Sunay. Next day, when the four friends met, Ajoy reported how the game was played, how the players performed and how the game ended. Sujoy told them that they missed Vinay and Sunay very much and they were eager to tell them about the enjoyments.
• (i) Now complete the following sentences.
(a) Ajoy reported about how the game was played, how the players performed and how the game ended.
(b) Sujoy reported about how they missed Vinay and Sunay and how they were eager to tell them about the enjoyments.

(ii) The word 'report' means-
(a) Give a spoken or written account of something.
(b) Cover an event or subject as a journalist or reporter.
• (i) Refer to a standard dictionary and find out the meaning of the following words:
(a) Reportage -
(b) Reporter
(c) Reported speech
(d) Reportorial
(ii) Find and discuss some examples of reports related to the given topics.
(a) Award distribution
(b) Bravery awards
(c) Any social issue
• You might have read war stories or watched war movies. Make a list of the factors which make them interesting.


Guess the meanings from the context: 
1. projected –presented
2. episode - event
3. assigned – given
4. Feature – property
5. Scout- explore
6. . orchestrated – planned
7. Spell – short period
8. Duels – combats
9. Casualties – people killed, injured

During the war the soldier need to plan strategies. Find some words related with such strategies from the text.

Ans: assigned , mission, deployed, probed, scout, guns ranged, firing targeted,

The enemy was taken aback due to the steps taken by the Indian Army. Support your answer.

Media supported and assisted the battle live. Guess the risk of the media people and the army.


A great humanitarian norm is maintained during the battle. Find out and comment on it.

Captain Karnal Sher Khan of the Pakistan Army was killed. His body was subsequently handed over to the Pakistani authorities. Other bodies of the Pakistani soldiers found scattered around the battleground were collected and buried appropriately.

The narrator uses selective words to express the victory. They are…
Ans: Captured, Tiger Hill recapture, likely outcome of the war

BRAINSTORMIMG

(A1) (i) Narrate in your own words a similar based on text to the class.
(ii) Imagine that you are about to interview the writer. Write 10 to 15 questions regarding the operation.
(A2) (i) Enlist any four facts which made the capturing of Tiger Hill a national challenge.
Ans : Tiger Hill extends about 2200 meters from west to east ,1000 metres north to south, prominent protrusions 500 meters India Gate and Helmet. These are the facts that made Tiger Hill a national challenge.
(ii) Different arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Find their names.
Ans: The following arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Artillery , Bofors guns field and medium guns, individual guns, 122-mm multibarrelled Grad rocket launchers and mortars .
(iii) Wars are not fought only on the battlefield. Comment.
(iv) Prompt reporting is of strategic importance during a war. Refer to the above extract and explain.
(iv) Read the extract and do the following activities.
Make a list of the preparations made for an assault on Tiger Hill.
(a) Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers…..
probed to establish the extent of the enemy’s defences and
(b) They also explored to………. scout for suitable routes for the assault.

(c) After confirming the multidirectional assault as the best strategy the commanding officer……. of 41 Field Regiment drew up an elaborate artillery
(d) Individual guns…… were ranged so as to cover each objective.
(e) Bofors guns……. were used in a direct firing role



(v) Complete the flow chart showing the events on the day of the assault.


(vi) Rewrite the given statements in their order of occurence.
The most difficult task of maintaining the hold on Tiger Hill was achieved in this way:
(a) 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate.
(b) Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately.
(c) During the ferocious artillery duels the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination.
(d) Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel.
(e) An adhoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate.
(f) In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July.
Ans : (c) During the ferocious artillery duels the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination.
(a) 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate.
(e) An adhoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate.
(f) In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July.
(d) Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel.
(b) Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately.


(A3) (i) Discuss the meanings of the following idioms/phrases and use them in your own sentences.
(a) To hit the bull’s eye - get something exactly right
He worked hard and hit the bull's eye in the exam.
(b) To be taken by surprise- to encounter someone who is not prepared
Enemy was taken by surprise with the advent of Indian army.
(c) To get a toehold - to obtain an initial, stable position
We got a toehold in learning English with activities.
(d) Under the cover of - being kept secret
Thieves moved under the cover of darkness.
(e) A spell of - a short period
India emerged as a winner under  a spell of Harbhajan.
(ii) Read the following words :
Brigadier, Commander, capture, evicting, enemy, defense
All these words are related to the war affairs and war.
Find more such words from the passage.
(iii) Understand the usage of the words given:
After consulting him and Nirmal Chander Singh, we decided to await confirmation from the GOC and Mountain Division.
You know the verb ‘wait’. But it is an intransitive verb. It doesn’t take a direct object; consequently it cannot be cast into passive voice. Also, the past participle of the verb ‘to wait’ cannot act as an adjective.
‘The mother waited eagerly’ is a correct sentence as there is no direct object. But ‘The mother waited eagerly the answer from her son.’ is a wrong sentence. ‘The answer’ is the direct object. This sentence can be written by using the phrase ‘wait for’ as ‘The mother waited eagerly for the answer from her son.’ ‘Wait for’ can be taken as the transitive phrasal verb.
‘To await’ is a transitive verb and it does take a direct object.
For example, ‘The mother awaited the answer eagerly.’
The past participle of it can be used as an adjective.
The most awaited programme started very late.
Note that the object of verb ‘await’ is usually an inanimate object. We don’t usually await a person, but we await his answer/ call/ arrival/ letter.
There are more such words in English. All of them are not verbs.
For example: Aside, Ashore, Anew, Awake, Afoot.
Prefix ‘A’ provides certain purpose in the formation of the word.
(a) Aside- to the side
(b) Ashore- towards the shore
(c) Afoot-on foot
(d) Anew- of new
(e) Apolitical- not political
(f) Asleep- in a state or manner
Share with your friends few more words.

Put ‘a/an’ or ‘the’ at proper places. Put a cross (X) where no article is applicable.
1. Ravi walked up to…… Principal’s cabin.
2. Ahmed lives in….. small town
3. Can I use your…… cell phone ?
4. Who’s ………woman in your office ?
5. I need ………English-Marathi dictionary.
(A5) (i) Imagine that you are one of the soldiers from 18 Grenadiers on the mission Tiger Hill. Narrate your experience of the war to your friend.
(ii) Would you like to join Indian Army/Navy/ Air force? If not, suggest other ways in which you could serve your nation.

Mrs. Adis : Ice breakers and Brainstorming

Activities from the margin of the lesson 

The writer describes Mrs. Adis as -

• a small woman
• Thin woman
• Brown hard face
• Hair like wrinkles

Mrs. Adis asks Peter crouch whether he has had a quarrel with the keepers. This shows that

1.  Peter Crouch is hot temper
2.  He gets into quarrel easily.
3.  Mr. Adis knew his nature.

List some characteristics of Mrs. Adis based on this incident.
Faithful , trustworthy, good , helpful , forgetful
Give reason :
Vilder guessed that Crouch has taken refuge at Mrs. Adis’ house because he was a friend of Mrs. Adis’s son Tom. Crouch didn’t know that he had shot Tom dead.

The row took place because the keepers scared Peter Crouch who fired the gun in darkness.


Mrs. Adis unlocked the door because she had forgiven Peter and wanted him to run away safely.

Guess the meaning: ‘wrung’ here means
Find the difference between: shivering and trembling



BRAINSTORMING
(A1) (i) Discuss with your partner and describe the atmosphere in the woods when Peter Crouch was heading towards Mrs. Adis’s House. It was-
(a) a dark moonless night.
(b) a few stars in the sky
(c) windless , silent and clear night
(ii) Peter Crouch didn’t knock before entering Mrs. Adis’s house.
The reason was-
(a) Peter Crouch didn’t want to make noise.
(b) He wanted nobody to hear the noise of knocking
(c) He was in haste.
(iii) Go through the text again and find the reasons that forced Peter to shoot down a person.
(a) The keepers spotted him.
(b) He had fears of being caught.
(c) They were more in numbers.
(iv) Mrs. Adis didn’t hand over Peter Crouch to the keepers because-
(a) He was her son Tom’s friend.
(b) Tom would want her to stay by him.

(A2) The writer has used a phrase ‘Thudding Heart’ which means pounding, or beating of heart. Do you know ‘Thud’ is an onomatopoeic word which means a heavy sound made by an object falling to the ground. Discuss with your partner and make a list of Onomatopoeic words that you find in the text.
(a) crackling
(b) rustling
(c) bark

Activities other than the text 

A1 Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the following statements.
1) Peter/ Mrs. Adis was stooping over the fire.
2) Peter knocked the door/walked straight in the cottage.
3) Peter thought he killed/ shot a man.
4) Mrs. Adis was a woman with a hard/soft face.
A2. Complete the statement: Peter was in trouble because …………
A3. The kettle boiled over and Mrs Adis mechanically put it at the side of the fire. Find the deeper meaning of this statement.
A4. Imagine a young man comes to you pleading to protect him from police. Write how you will react.
A5. Language Study.
1. He did not knock, but walked straight in. (Rewrite into simple sentence.)
Ans. Without knocking he walked straight in.
2. I shot a man. (Rewrite into passive voice.)
Ans. A man was shot by me.
A6. Vocabulary.


Across.                                                                         
2.  a line in the skin of face                               
3, overcrowded
4. too many to be counted

Down
       1. reluctant to do something

Vocabulary Test

Choose appropriate words from the given WORD BANK and  complete the test.

( intensified, innumerable, ceased, stooping over, stuffy, shrug, wrinkles, knell, snap, deserved, huddled down, on the threshold, escape, hesitated, anxiety, straining, refuge, fetch, beseechingly, close at hand)

1. What word MOST NEARLY means: stroke?

2. What word MOST NEARLY means: very near?

3. What word MOST NEARLY means: appealingly?

4.What word MOST NEARLY means: bend over?

5.What word MOST NEARLY means: shrink oneself?

6.What word MOST NEARLY means: streching?

7.What word MOST NEARLY means: make a sharp sound?

8.What word MOST NEARLY means: sharpened?

9.What word MOST NEARLY means: get free of?

10.What word MOST NEARLY means: bring in?

11.What word MOST NEARLY means: nervousness?

12 What word MOST NEARLY means: small ridges in the skin?

13. What word MOST NEARLY means: competent ?

14. What word MOST NEARLY means: boundary?

15. What word MOST NEARLY means: to delay momentarily?

16. What word MOST NEARLY means: lacking in vitality?

17. What word MOST NEARLY means: too many?

18. What word MOST NEARLY means: shelter?

19. What word MOST NEARLY means: stopped

20. What word MOST NEARLY means: lift the shoulders?

Online Test on Vocabulary

Pillars Of Democracy:Activities

ICE BREAKERS
(i) Discuss with your partner and choose the correct alternative.
‘Government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth’. This famous statement is made by -
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Nelson Mandela
(c) Abraham Lincoln (d) Dalai Lama
(ii) A system where the government is elected and ruled by people is called-
(a) Bureaucracy (b) Aristocracy (c) Democracy (d) Autocracy
(iii) A democratic country is governed by, its-
(a) Military (b) Police (c) Politicians (d) Constitution
(i) The trinity of democracy comprises three principles. Complete the web to show the trinity of democracy.

(ii) Match the following.

Sr. No.	Column A.	Column B.
1.	Constitution	a.  It is the freedom to go where you want,       do what you want etc.
2.	Liberty	b. It is the state of being equal, especially in status,       rights or opportunities.
3.	Equality	c. It is the sense of common brotherhood.
4.	Fraternity	d. It is an aggregate of fundamental principles or      established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity,       organization or other type of entity and      commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

Ans : 1.Constitution  ___ d. It is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
       2.Liberty ____ a.  It is the freedom to go where you want,do what you want etc.
       3.Equality ____  b. It is the state of being equal, especially in status, rights or opportunities.
       4.Fraternity ____ c. It is the sense of common brotherhood.

(iii) Pillars form a support for concrete buildings. Metaphorically speaking a strong nation too depends on strong pillars. Discuss with your partner and explain the pillars of a democratic nation. Make a list of obstacles that are a threat to the progress of a nation.
Democratic nation rests on four pillars. These are legislation, administration, judiciary and press. For the smooth running of democracy laws are made. It is done by legislative body. The implementation of laws and government policies is taken care of by administration. To assure people about justice there is judiciary department. When these three pillars tremors , the press keeps watch on them.
A list of obstacles
1. Corruption
2. Population Explosion
3. Environment degradation 

(A1) (i) Form groups and use the following topics for discussion. Take the help of your college library and your teacher.
• Need for democracy
• Features of the Constitution of India
• Freedom of speech
• Dictatorship Vs Democracy
• Qualities of an ideal politician
• Equality before law

(ii) State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
(a) There is nothing wrong in being grateful to great men. True
(b) Hero-worship leads to dictatorship. True
(c) Liberty cannot be divorced from equality.True
(d) One man one vote and one vote one value. True
(e) Fraternity means common sense. False Correct : Fraternity means common brotherhood.

(iii) In his speech, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar has expressed his deep concern over the absence of two things in the then Indian society. Discuss with your partner and complete the web.


(A2) (i) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar has cited the quotes by John Stuart Mill and Daniel O’Connel. Go through the lesson and write down 4 to 5 lines for each of them.
Ans: John Stuart Mill advocates not to loose liberty at any cost, not for anybody else. Liberty is a precious gift got with a strenuous struggle and assured with constitution. According to Irish Patriot Daniel O'Connel chastity is important for woman,honour for man and freedom for nation. Nothing is greater than these three principles in the life .  
(ii) Discuss with your partner and make a list of steps that you feel are essential to unite the people of different castes, race, religions and languages in India.
Ans: Social equality as well as economic equality must be brought at the earliest possible.Secondly liberty for all to learn, to speak, to earn is one more step to unite people. A sense of common brotherhood over the language, caste, creed , race, region and religion. 

(iii) Write your views/opinions in brief on the following topics.
(a) We must always cast our vote.
(b) Liberty, equality and fraternity lead to an ideal nation.
(c) Steps to be taken to eradicate inequality.
(d) Role of youth in creating social awareness.
(A3) (i) Let’s use the Thesaurus.
Along with your partner, go to library or search the internet for a standard Thesaurus to complete the following table. One is done for you.

Sr. No.	Word	Type.	Synonym	Antonym
1.	observe	verb	notice, discern, detect, mark	overlook,ignore
2.	abandoned	adj	forsaken,left	adopted,cherished
3.	grateful	adj	indebted,obliged	ungrateful,thankless
4.	initiative	noun	leadership,	lethargy, apathy, idleness
5.	peril	noun	danger, destruction,hazard	safety, protection,security
6.	separation	noun	partition,split,break, rupture	union, connection, attachment

(ii) Homograph : Homograph is a word spelt and pronounced like another word but with a different meaning. For example: the word ‘fast’ has two meanings.
The different meanings are-
fast- hold firmly
 fast- to abstain from food
 fast- opposite of slow.
 Go through the text again and make a list of meanings of all the homographs that are found in the text. Also make a list of such words that you know, heard or read somewhere.

 (A4) (i) Go through the statement taken from the text – 
‘The social democracy means a way of life which recognises liberty, equality and fraternity’.

 The underlined part of the statement provides us some fact/information about social democracy. The remaining part or the sentence which is not underlined can be converted into a wh-question.

 What does social democracy mean?

 Now go through the underlined part of the statements/sentences given below and change them into questions by using the appropriate Wh-forms.

 (a) In Politics we will be recognizing the principle of ‘one man one vote’ and ‘one vote one value’.
Ans : Which principle will we  be recognizing in politics?
 (b) The politically minded Indians preferred the expression ‘the Indian nation’.
Ans: Which expression did the politically minded Indians prefer?
 (c) Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians.
Ans: What does fraternity mean?

More Activities 

A1. Complete the table about a life of contradiction .

.......	In Social & Economic Life
...	...
one vote one value	...

Ans;

In politics	In social & Economic Life
equality	inequality
one vote one value	Deny one man one value

A2. Fraternity leads to the social stability. Explain the statement.

A3. Mention two things to save democracy.
A4. Write antonyms of the following words :
1. deny 2. peril 3. common 4. unity 5. bless 6. importing 7. social 8. national
A5. Give your opinion about the need of democracy.
A6. Rewrite as instructed
1. Identify the type of questions.
a. How long shall we continue to live this life of contradiction ?
b. What does fraternity mean?
2. We must remove at the earliest possible moment. ( Begin with - This contradiction .....)

Set 2 

A1. Complete the following statements.

a) We must hold fast to ................ to achieve our social and economic objectives.

b) ...................... are the Grammar of Anarchy.

c) John Stuart Mill has given caution regarding the maintenance of ....................

d) No man can be grateful at the cost of his ....................

A2   Give reason: The caution by the Irish Patriot Daniel is more necessary in India.

A3 Complete : 

Bhakti in religion ----------------

Bhakti in politics  ----------------

A4 Write two different meanings of following homophones.

1. form.               a.  ........... b ..............

2. left                   a. ............ b ..............

A5. Suggest ways to make India strong nation.

A6. Language Study

Rewrite as instructed

1. There is nothing wrong in being grateful to great men. ( Rewrite as rhetorical question)

2. The sooner they are abandoned, the better for us. ( Explain the use of definite article 'the' )

Test on Vocabulary

1.3 The Call of the Soil: A scent Of Rice

ICE BREAKERS

Venkat Iyer

Discuss the following with your partner and complete the following sentences. One is done for you.    
(a) Before eating apples brought from the market, I wash and peel them off
 (b) In a farmers’ market, we find grains, vegetables and fruits  .
 (c) Food adulteration means addition of something in food to increase the weight  .
 (d) Organic food is grown by using organic fertilizer.

 (e) Organic fertilizer means fertilizer made of animal matter , animal excreta, human excreta and dried  and green leaves . 

• Complete the following web diagram :

(i) Find out from your grandparents or parents the names of vegetables
and fruits they had eaten in their childhood and mention how the
vegetables and fruits are different from the ones today.
Name of the vegetable or fruit Shape Colour Taste
1.
2.
3.
(ii) You might have learnt about organic farming. Make groups and
discuss the difference between conventional farming and organic
farming and write it down.
Sr.No. Con

Word Definition

adjacent - nearby

advent - coming

alluring - enticing

appetite- hunger

awful -extremely

biodiversity -biological diversity

curse -a prayer for harm

damp -slightly wet

disappeared- vanished

ditch- a long narrow excavation

drifted- carried along

exhilarated very happy

fading disappearing

fences barriers made by posts and wires

fertile productive

harvest process of gathering harvest

hustle and bustle energetic activity

indication hint

insatiable impossible to satisfy

insipid tasteless

lamented regretted

pleasantries humourous act

ramshackle in a state of disrepair

recede move back

reminiscing remembering a story about a past event

resist exert force in opposition

rue regret

scowl a facial expressions of displeasure

tempted attracted

yield product

Test on Vocabulary

(A1) (i) Read the extract and state whether the following statements are true
or false. Correct the false statements.
 (a) Growing in abundance is more important than the quality of the
crop. False
Correct : Growing in abundance is not as important as the quality of the
crop
 (b) The author wanted to grow the desi variety of rice. True
 (c) The author did not succeed in finding Kasbai. False
Correct : The author found Kasbai rice at adivasi old woman's house in Boripada. 
 (d) The aroma of the ‘desi’ rice would spread around the village. True
 (e) Newer hybrid crops have a great appetite for chemical. True
(f)  The author is an example of 'reverse migration'. True 
(ii) Complete the flow chart.

(iii) Read the text and fill in the blanks. One is done for you.

 (a) The author wanted to grow organic moong.
 (b) Moru Dada wanted to spray ........... on the moong crop.
 (c) Baban’s father and some elders mentioned the name of .........
 (d) “Hybrids need more............. ”, said Devu Handa.
 (e) The author bought ..........of rice from an Adivasi
woman who lived in remote hills.
b) pesticide c) Kasbai d) chemicals e)  a basketful

(A2) (i) List the reactions of the agricultural officer to the author’s inquiry
about Kasbai rice seeds. One is done for you.
 (a) He had not heard of Kasbai.
 (b) He said that there was no rice by that name.
 (c) He offered to give the author latest hybrid seeds of rice free of cost .

(ii) Go through the text once again and note down Devu Handa’s fond
memories of Kasbai in your exercise book. One is done for you.

 Devu Handa has fond memories of Kasbai. They are as follows !

 (a) It needs rain.
 (b) People passing through the village would stop due to aroma of rice and ask for meal.
 (c) The entire village would grow Kasbai.
(A3) (i) The writer says he grew ‘an awful lot of moong’. Explain the word
'awful' in this sentence.

(ii) The word scent is different from its synonyms aroma, fragrance or
perfume. Explain how the word 'scent' in the subtitle ‘Scent of the
Rice’, has a deeper meaning than ‘perfume’ or ‘fragrance’. Tick
phrases having a similar meaning from the following:
 (a) In pursuit of
 (b) To smell a rat
 (c) To be keen
 (d) On the tail of
 (e) To feel under the weather

(A5) (i) Planting and growing more crops a year seems to be progress by
normal standards; but the chapter makes a case against it. Giver reasons.
Ans: Chemical fertilifer , pesticides and insecticide are used to yield more crop. Food grown in this process is unsafe . Consumption of such food leads to illness . Even the fertility  of the land gets damaged . So the author prefers less crop grown out of organic fertilifer. 
(ii) Describe in about 150 words your experience similar to the writer’s
when you pursued something and reached your goal.
(iii) The writer goes in search of an invaluable indigenous variety ofy
seeds. List three reasons for the importance of keeping records of
our indigenous agricultural practices.
Ans: 1. Keeping records of
our indigenous agricultural PRACTICES is necessary for the research on them. 
2. It helps the locals to understand the importance of indigenous agricultural practices. 
3. The indigindig agricultural practices are based on ecological knowledge such as agroforestry , water conservation. 
(iv) Write a blog in about 100 to 150 words on organic farming.

Activity Sheet on 'On To The Summit : We Reach The Top'

Extract : 'When we left Camp...................... not two individuals but a team."
A1 State true or false. Correct the false statements
1) The mountaineers left camp nine on Saturday morning
2) The mountaineers kept their places changing
3) Hillary would take the lead
4) The mountaineer had four flags in his pocket
5) Colonel hunt gave the mountaineer four flags


A1 Enlist the countries of which the mountaineer carried the flags
A2 Point out the patriotism of the mountaineer.
Ans: He was carrying the Indian flag with him. With the permission of Colonel Hunt he wanted to place the flag on top of the mountain. This shows his patriotism.
A3 Give reasons for the rope being called a symbol
Ans: Rope tied them together. They had to move together. Rope made them a team.
A4 Find the synonyms of : 1. Hill top 2. Vovage 3. Vertical 4. Pitch
A5 Express your liking or disliking for adventurous sport.
A6. Rewrite the following sentences as instructed.
1. I was carrying the Indian flag. (Begin the sentence with - ' The Indian flag.......)
2. This was slow and difficult.(Rewrite as exclamatory.)
3. I was not afraid to die that day. (Rewrite it as affirmative)
Activity No. 2
Extract " When we reached ........ her prized possessions"
A1. Rearrange the statements in order as the events occur in the extract.
1.) They made a pact.
2.) They reached Kathmandu.
3.) They signed their own statements.
4.) They discovered that a controversy had arisen.
Ans: 1. They reached Kathmandu.
2. They discovered that a controversy had arisen.
3. They made a pact.
4. They signed their own statements.

A2. List the ways in which Tenzing Norgay celebrates on reaching the top.
1. By offering prayer
2. By placing the offering he carried
3. By unfurling flags on the summit
A3. Tenzing and Hillary remained aloof from the controversy. Prove it.
Ans: When they discovered that the controversy had arisen about who reached the summit first, they agreed that the talk was childish. They made a pact mentioning they reached together and signed it.
A4. Give one word for the following expressions:
1. The things that are needed to do a particular work
2. The feelings of being grateful
3. A covering for the face of a part of it.
4. Having god’s help and protection
Ans: 1. Equipment 2. Gratitude 3. Mask 4. Blessed
A5. Write about any controversy you or your friend involved in.
A6. Rewrite as instructed
1. When we reached Kathmandu we discovered that a controversy had arisen. (Rewrite using ‘No sooner….. than’ by removing ‘when’)
2. We crossed over the south summit and moved along the summit ridge. ( Rewrite as simple sentence.)
ANS
1. No sooner did we reach Kathmandu than we discovered that a controversy had arisen.
2. Crossing over the south summit we moved along the summit ridge.


Grammar Activities
Spot the error. One is done for you.
I was not afraid for die that day.
Correct Sentence- I was not afraid to die that day.
(a) Tenzing and Hillary made an pact at the office of P M of Nepal.
Correct :Tenzing and Hillary made a pact at the office of P M of Nepal.
(b) I has to bring my ice axe down with me.
Correct :I had to bring my ice axe down with me.
(c) Tenzing have spent a night with Camp Eight.
Correct :Tenzing had spent a night with Camp Eight.
(d) Pact was signed from Tenzing and Hillary.
Correct :Pact was signed by Tenzing and Hillary.
(e) I and Hillary were in no mood of talking.
Hillary and I were in no mood for talking.

When Tenzing and Hillary reached the summit, Tenzing in utter joy said,
“We have done it.” In this sentence the subject (we) is the doer of the
action while it (achieving the feat) is the Object . The verb of passive voice
is formed by using the correct form of the verb ‘to be’ + past participle
of the main verb. Construct the sentences accordingly.
Now carefully go through the changes in both the sentences and do the
changes accordingly in the remaining sentences.
• We have done it.
It has been done by us.
(a) We made a pact.
A pact was made by us.
(b) I offered silent prayer in my heart.
Silent prayer was offered in my heart
(c) Colonel Hunt gave me three flags.
1.I was given three flags by Colonel Hunt.
2.Three flags were given to me by Colonel Hunt.
(d) I was carrying the Indian flag.
The Indian flag was being carried by me.
(e) I took photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags.
Photographs of Tenzing holding aloft the flags were taken by me.
(f) I remembered him.
He was remembered by me.
(g) We spent the night at Camp Eight.
The night was spent at Camp Eight by us.


Look at the sentences given below. Find out which one is correct. If the
sentence is wrong give reasons.
a. Sunita is the quieter of four sisters. Incorrect : Comparison is among four sisters.
b. Sunita is the quietest of the four sisters. Correct
c. Anil’s computer is more new than mine. Incorrect : Comparative adjective is newer.
d. Anil’s computer is newer than mine. Correct
e. I have the wonderfullest mother in the world. Incorrect : superlative adjective of wonderful is most wonderful.
f. I have the most wonderful mother in the world. Correct
g. Aditi is more carefuller than Mary. Incorrect : carefuller is wrong.
h. Aditi is more careful than Mary. Correct
When we compare two nouns, we use comparative adjectives. When we
compare more than two nouns, we use superlative adjectives.
For Example. – a. Milind is taller than John.
b. Zakir is the tallest of the three brothers.
Look at the following sentences and observe the changes in the three
sentences.
a. Atul is not as bright as Milind in studies. Positive Degree
b. The dining room is brighter than the kitchen. Comparative Degree
c. Anne is the brightest girl in class. Superlative Degree

• Fill in the blanks with comparative, superlative and positive forms of the
correct adjectives in the brackets.
a. You are very naughty. You are as clever as your brother (clever)
b. The tiger is the most dangerous animal in the zoo (dangerous)
c. This is the busiest road in town. (busy)
d. My new house is bigger than the one I used to live in. (big)
e. He is the most forgetful boy in class. (forgetful)