1.6 Tiger Hills

Icebreakers 

Ajoy and Sujoy went to watch a cricket match. They enjoyed it very much, but they missed their friends Vinay and Sunay. Next day, when the four friends met, Ajoy reported how the game was played, how the players performed and how the game ended. Sujoy told them that they missed Vinay and Sunay very much and they were eager to tell them about the enjoyments.
• (i) Now complete the following sentences.
(a) Ajoy reported about how the game was played, how the players performed and how the game ended.
(b) Sujoy reported about how they missed Vinay and Sunay and how they were eager to tell them about the enjoyments.

(ii) The word 'report' means-
(a) Give a spoken or written account of something.
(b) Cover an event or subject as a journalist or reporter.
• (i) Refer to a standard dictionary and find out the meaning of the following words:
(a) Reportage -
(b) Reporter
(c) Reported speech
(d) Reportorial
(ii) Find and discuss some examples of reports related to the given topics.
(a) Award distribution
(b) Bravery awards
(c) Any social issue
• You might have read war stories or watched war movies. Make a list of the factors which make them interesting.


Guess the meanings from the context: 
1. projected –presented
2. episode - event
3. assigned – given
4. Feature – property
5. Scout- explore
6. . orchestrated – planned
7. Spell – short period
8. Duels – combats
9. Casualties – people killed, injured

During the war the soldier need to plan strategies. Find some words related with such strategies from the text.

Ans: assigned , mission, deployed, probed, scout, guns ranged, firing targeted,

The enemy was taken aback due to the steps taken by the Indian Army. Support your answer.

Media supported and assisted the battle live. Guess the risk of the media people and the army.


A great humanitarian norm is maintained during the battle. Find out and comment on it.

Captain Karnal Sher Khan of the Pakistan Army was killed. His body was subsequently handed over to the Pakistani authorities. Other bodies of the Pakistani soldiers found scattered around the battleground were collected and buried appropriately.

The narrator uses selective words to express the victory. They are…
Ans: Captured, Tiger Hill recapture, likely outcome of the war

BRAINSTORMIMG

(A1) (i) Narrate in your own words a similar based on text to the class.
(ii) Imagine that you are about to interview the writer. Write 10 to 15 questions regarding the operation.
(A2) (i) Enlist any four facts which made the capturing of Tiger Hill a national challenge.
Ans : Tiger Hill extends about 2200 meters from west to east ,1000 metres north to south, prominent protrusions 500 meters India Gate and Helmet. These are the facts that made Tiger Hill a national challenge.
(ii) Different arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Find their names.
Ans: The following arms and ammunitions are mentioned in the excerpt. Artillery , Bofors guns field and medium guns, individual guns, 122-mm multibarrelled Grad rocket launchers and mortars .
(iii) Wars are not fought only on the battlefield. Comment.
(iv) Prompt reporting is of strategic importance during a war. Refer to the above extract and explain.
(iv) Read the extract and do the following activities.
Make a list of the preparations made for an assault on Tiger Hill.
(a) Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers…..
probed to establish the extent of the enemy’s defences and
(b) They also explored to………. scout for suitable routes for the assault.

(c) After confirming the multidirectional assault as the best strategy the commanding officer……. of 41 Field Regiment drew up an elaborate artillery
(d) Individual guns…… were ranged so as to cover each objective.
(e) Bofors guns……. were used in a direct firing role



(v) Complete the flow chart showing the events on the day of the assault.


(vi) Rewrite the given statements in their order of occurence.
The most difficult task of maintaining the hold on Tiger Hill was achieved in this way:
(a) 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate.
(b) Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately.
(c) During the ferocious artillery duels the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination.
(d) Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel.
(e) An adhoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate.
(f) In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July.
Ans : (c) During the ferocious artillery duels the Grenadiers hung on their precarious perch with grit and determination.
(a) 8 Sikh was ordered to attack and capture Helmet and India Gate.
(e) An adhoc column of 8 Sikh climbed the steep rock and captured India Gate.
(f) In spite of heavy casualties, 8 Sikh captured Helmet on 5 July.
(d) Sikh fought back successfully two counterattacks with forty to fifty personnel.
(b) Bodies of the Pakistani soldiers were collected and buried appropriately.


(A3) (i) Discuss the meanings of the following idioms/phrases and use them in your own sentences.
(a) To hit the bull’s eye - get something exactly right
He worked hard and hit the bull's eye in the exam.
(b) To be taken by surprise- to encounter someone who is not prepared
Enemy was taken by surprise with the advent of Indian army.
(c) To get a toehold - to obtain an initial, stable position
We got a toehold in learning English with activities.
(d) Under the cover of - being kept secret
Thieves moved under the cover of darkness.
(e) A spell of - a short period
India emerged as a winner under  a spell of Harbhajan.
(ii) Read the following words :
Brigadier, Commander, capture, evicting, enemy, defense
All these words are related to the war affairs and war.
Find more such words from the passage.
(iii) Understand the usage of the words given:
After consulting him and Nirmal Chander Singh, we decided to await confirmation from the GOC and Mountain Division.
You know the verb ‘wait’. But it is an intransitive verb. It doesn’t take a direct object; consequently it cannot be cast into passive voice. Also, the past participle of the verb ‘to wait’ cannot act as an adjective.
‘The mother waited eagerly’ is a correct sentence as there is no direct object. But ‘The mother waited eagerly the answer from her son.’ is a wrong sentence. ‘The answer’ is the direct object. This sentence can be written by using the phrase ‘wait for’ as ‘The mother waited eagerly for the answer from her son.’ ‘Wait for’ can be taken as the transitive phrasal verb.
‘To await’ is a transitive verb and it does take a direct object.
For example, ‘The mother awaited the answer eagerly.’
The past participle of it can be used as an adjective.
The most awaited programme started very late.
Note that the object of verb ‘await’ is usually an inanimate object. We don’t usually await a person, but we await his answer/ call/ arrival/ letter.
There are more such words in English. All of them are not verbs.
For example: Aside, Ashore, Anew, Awake, Afoot.
Prefix ‘A’ provides certain purpose in the formation of the word.
(a) Aside- to the side
(b) Ashore- towards the shore
(c) Afoot-on foot
(d) Anew- of new
(e) Apolitical- not political
(f) Asleep- in a state or manner
Share with your friends few more words.

Put ‘a/an’ or ‘the’ at proper places. Put a cross (X) where no article is applicable.
1. Ravi walked up to…… Principal’s cabin.
2. Ahmed lives in….. small town
3. Can I use your…… cell phone ?
4. Who’s ………woman in your office ?
5. I need ………English-Marathi dictionary.
(A5) (i) Imagine that you are one of the soldiers from 18 Grenadiers on the mission Tiger Hill. Narrate your experience of the war to your friend.
(ii) Would you like to join Indian Army/Navy/ Air force? If not, suggest other ways in which you could serve your nation.

Dealing With News Report Writing

Objectives: 1. Encourage students to read newspaper.
2. Enable students to understand parts of news (headline, dateline, intro and main body)
3. Enable students to note down features of headlines.
4. Enable students to prepare news report.
Method: 1. Distribute newspapers to students.
2. Introduction of news, letters to the editor, editorial, article, ads, weather report, classifieds, leaflets, book review, film review if any.
3. Discussion on news.
Time : 1:30 hrs
Execution: About 30 newspapers of the month (The Lokmat Times and The Indian Express) were distributed in the class XII Arts A. One newspaper at one bench and one page one student was the plan. Students were shown different contents of the newspaper. They were introduced with the editorial section, classifieds, letters to the editor, news etc. Later on I zeroed on news. I asked them to find out the brief news of accident, celebration, theft, drowning, strike, arrest and lightening. Students started searching for it. Amazingly they were looking headlines only to guess the news. They pointed out such different news. I asked students to read headlines loudly one by one and wrote those headlines on white board. We held discussion on those headlines. I initiated the discussion by asking them about the tense, voice used in the headlines. I drew their attention towards the omission of article and use of concrete words. Students pointed out the use simple present tense in headlines. One of the students raised the query about the use of simple past tense used in one of the headlines. I explained how it is simple present tense and shortened form of passive voice.
However, I let the students know about the date line and intro. They observed the datelines (Name of the town/city and date, name of news agency) and noted down. Thereafter I led them to the intro/lead. I asked them to read the intro silently. After reading I asked them find out what happened in the news, who involved, where and when. I asked them to relate headline with the intro. I explained how the intro is an extended headline. The headline is converted into intro by using simple past tense, necessary articles, mentioning the place and time indicating with proper prepositions. I had some headlines and shot intros ready with me. I used them to match the pair activity. I asked students to guess the meaning of the headlines. It was not easy for some students. But they tried differently. Instead of telling them the meaning directly I provided the clue.
Lastly students were taken towards the main body. As usual students read the main body. I brought their attention towards how main body is written giving details of the event or story. With this workshop students were given the exposition the news writing and live English.

Second Unit Test

Q.1. Read the extract and then do all the activities: Marks 11

If we wish to maintain democracy not merely in form, but also in fact, what must we do ? The first thing in my judgement we must do is to hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives. When there was no way left for constitutional methods for achieving economic and social objectives, there was a great deal of justification for unconstitutional methods. But where constitutional methods are open, there can be no justification for these unconstitutional methods. These methods are nothing but the Grammar of Anarchy and the sooner they are abandoned, the better for us.
The second thing we must do is to observe the caution which John Stuart Mill has given to all who are interested in the maintenance of democracy, namely, not “to lay their liberties at the feet of even a great man, or to trust him with powers which enable him to subvert their institutions.” There is nothing wrong in being grateful to great men who have rendered life-long services to the country. But there are limits to gratefulness. As has been well said by
the Irish Patriot Daniel O’Connel, ‘No man can be grateful at the cost of his honour, no woman can be grateful at the cost of her chastity and no nation can be grateful at the cost of its liberty.’ This caution is far more necessary in the case of India than in the case of any other country, for in India, Bhakti or what may be called the path of devotion or hero-worship, plays a part in its politics unequalled in magnitude by the part it plays in the politics of any other country in the world. Bhakti in religion may be a road to the salvation of the soul. But in politics, Bhakti or hero-worship is a sure road to degradation and to eventual dictatorship. On the 26th of January 1950, we are going to enter into a life of contradictions. In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality. In Politics we will be recognizing the principle of ‘one man one vote’ and ‘one vote one value’. In our social and economic life, we shall, by reason of our social and economic structure, continue to deny the principle of one man one value. How long shall we continue to live this life of contradictions ? How long shall we continue to deny equality in our social and economic life ? If we continue to deny it for long, we will do so only by putting our political democracy in peril. We must remove this contradiction at the earliest possible moment or else those who suffer from inequality will blow up the structure of political democracy which this Assembly has so laboriously built up.
A1. Complete the following statements
1. We must hold fast to …….. achieve our social and economic objectives.
2. …….. are the grammar of Anarchy.
3. John Stuart Mill has given caution regarding the maintenance of ………..
4. No man can be grateful at the cost of his …………
A2. Give reason : The caution by the Irish Patriot Daniel is more necessary in India .
A3. Complete the table :

Column A	Column B
Bhakti	Lands in
1.
2.

A4. Suggest some ways to make India a strong nation.
A5. Language Study
1. How long shall we continue to live this life of contradictions?( Choose the assertive sentence meaning the same.)
i.) We shall continue to live this life of contradictions?
ii.) No longer we shall continue to live this life of contradictions..

A6. Find out 2 homographs having two different meanings .
Q.2 A. Read the extract and do the activities given below. Marks 4

Earth has not anything to show more fair:
Dull would he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its majesty:
This city now doth, like a garment, wear
The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open unto the fields, and to the sky;
All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.
Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm, so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!
A1. Choose the appropriate alternatives and rewrite the statements.
1. One who does not stop on Westminster bridge is of dull/cool soul.
2. The sight is majestic enough to touch/to hurt the heart.
3. The city wears the beauty of evening/morning.
4. The air is smoky/smokeless .
A2. Pick out the lines from the extract that add pictorial effect to the poem.

Q. 2. B Write an appreciation of the sonnet with the help of following points. Marks 4
• About the poem, poet and title • Theme
• Poetic style, language, poetic devices used in the poem
• Special features
• Message/values/morals in the poem
Q. 3 Drama Genre Marks 2
A1 Match the characters with their identity.

Column A	Column B
Theseus	carpenter
Egeus	father of Hermia
Quince	king of fairies
Oberon	Duke of Athens

Q. 4 Writing Skills Marks 4
Compose email to The Principal of Janata College, Chandrapur (principaljanatacollege@rediffmail.com) requesting him to be the chief guest on the occasion of annual day to be held on 23rd January 2020 in your college /school.

OR
Write a blog post on any one of the following topics.
1. My Village :Clean and Green
2. Democracy :The best governance

Key to the Activity  sheet 

Q.1 A1. Complete the following statements
1. We must hold fast to ……constitutional methods .. to achieve our social and economic objectives.
2.Unconstitutional methods are the grammar of Anarchy.
3. John Stuart Mill has given caution regarding the maintenance of Democracy
4. No man can be grateful at the cost of his honesty/honour.
A2 Bhakti or what may be called the path of devotion or hero-worship, plays a part in its politics unequalled in magnitude by the part it plays in the politics of any other country in the world.
A3

Column A	Column B
Bhakti	Lands in
1.In religion	Salvation of the soul
2. In Politics	Degradation or dictatorship

A5 I) ii.) No longer we shall continue to live this life of contradictions.

A6. 1. Form 2. Fast

Q2 A1 1. One who does not stop on Westminster bridge is of dull soul.

2. The sight is majestic enough to touch the heart.
3. The city wears the beauty of morning.
4. The air is smokeless .
A2 Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open unto the fields,

The river glideth at his own sweet will:
These lines add poetic to the poem.

Q2B. The extract is taken from the poem 'Upon Westminster Bridge' .The poem is written by William Wordsworth. The type of poem is a petrachan sonnet . It is consisted of fourteen lines divided into octave and sestet .
The poem describes the beauty of the bridge and the surrounding areas. The poet makes the ordinary things look beautiful with his imagination. Poetic devices like personification, metaphor and simile add pictorial effect to the poem. The use of rhyming words and inversion create musical notes.
The poem enthrals us with the imagination of poet. Everyday things which we neglect are beautiful if we stay and observe .

Q. 3

Theseus	Duke of Athens
Egeus	father of Hermia
Quince	carpenter
Oberon	king of fairies

• 
  

2.4 Upon Westminster Bridge

Std 11 English Yuvakbharti

Short Notes on Poem Upon Westminster Bridge

ICE BREAKERS
• (i) A bridge connects people at either sides of a river or valleys in cities or villages. Discuss with your partner the importance of a bridge to both-the cities and the villages and complete the table.
Cities
Helps to reach other part
Helps to cross the road
Overbridge helps to smooth traffic
Avoids accidents

Villages
Shortens the distance
Saves time
Saves life
Increases contacts


(ii) Building a bridge needs careful planning. Think about what goes on before the actual construction begins.
Proper planning
Inspecting sights
Measurement
Drawing of the bridge (Blueprint)
Estimate
Purchasing land
Tendering

• You might have visited a bridge. Complete the web describing the sights you could see from the bridge.

BRAINSTORMING
Complete the following statements.
1. He would be dull soul who .......
2. ....... lie open to field and sky.
3. ....... never steeped so beautifully.
4. The city wears.......



1. The garment is compared with morning
2. The morning looks beautiful because it is silent.
3. Guess the meaning of ‘glideth’. It is archaic word meaning glide , here swim .
4. Guess what is referred to as the ‘Mighty heart’. People of the city

(A1) For preparing questions based on the poem, overall understanding of the poem is a must. Discuss with your partner and prepare a set of five questions.
For example:
a. What is the name of the bridge?
b. What does the city wear?
c. What is the beautiful morning compared to?
d. Mention the beautiful sights referred to in the poem.
e. State beautiful sights that can be seen from the bidge
f. How is the river?
g. What does the poet tell to the god?

(A2) (i) Choose the correct alternative for the given lines. Focus on the inference of the poet.
(a) ‘Earth has not anything to show more fair:’
The line means-
(1) The poet thinks that the place was not so good.
(2) The poet thinks that there is another place which is more beautiful than this.
(3) The poet thinks that there is no place on the earth which is as beautiful as this one.
(b) ‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by’
The line means-
(1) One can walk over the bridge and ignore the surrounding beauty.
(2) One can halt at the place to enjoy the beauty.
(3) Anyone with an appreciative mind would not be able to ignore the beauty.
(c) Never did sun more beautifully steep. The line means -
(1)The sun did not shine so beautifully.
(2) The sun rise was more beautiful the poet had ever seen.
(3) The sun did not rise more beautifully that morning.
(d)
(ii) ‘Earth has not anything to show more fair.’
This line expresses the poet’s feelings. The sight he saw from the bridge is beautiful. There are a few more lines similar to the above. With the help of your partner find them and discuss what they express.

Never did sun more beautifully steep

Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm, so deep!

The river glideth at his own sweet will:



(iii) The poem creates a delightful picture of the city, rich in its natural beauty. Work in pairs, groups and pick out the lines from the poem which give the pictorial effect to the poem. Write it in your own words.

This city now doth, like a garment, wear
The beauty of the morning;


Ships, towers, domes, theaters, and temples lie
Open unto the fields, and to the sky;

(A3) Find out the words and phrases which describe the following. One is done for you.
sight touching in its majesty
air smokeless
river sweet will
house asleep
morning like a garment
sun steep in his splendour
Heart mighty
Sky bright




(A4) Read the line :
(i) ‘The city now, doth, like a garment wear’. The poet imagines that the city is wearing a beautiful garment. Hence, the figure of speech is personification. Find out more examples of personification from the poem.

Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendour
(ii) ‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by.’
This line of the poem can be rewritten as:
'He would be of dull soul.'
The figure of speech is known as ‘Inversion’.
Find out one more example of Inversion from the poem.
Never did sun more beautifully steep

Ne’er saw I
(iii) The poem is a Petrarchan Sonnet. The poem is divided into two parts-
(a) An Octave
The first part comprising eight lines.
(b) A sestet
The second part comprising six lines.
Read the first four lines of the poem. The rhyme scheme is a b b a. Read the rhyme scheme for next four lines. It is a b b a. Now read the first three lines of the sestet and note the rhyme scheme. It is c d c. The rhyme scheme of the last three lines is d c d. This is the common design of a Petrarchan Sonnet.
(A5) (i) Write the appreciation of the poem.
The poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’ is a Petrarchan sonnet. In this poem the poet describes the beauty of the bridge. It is a romantic poem. The poet was mesmerised with the panoramic landscape, beauty, calm and quiet nature seen from the Westminster Bridge.
Theme: The theme of the poem is the beauty of the common things seen from the poet’s eyes. The nature is filled with varied beautiful object. The beauty lies in the eyes of beholder.
Poetic Devices:
The use of poetic devices like metaphor, simile, personification adds pictorial beauty to the poem.
The poem is a sonnet (14 lines) which is divided into two parts i.e Octave and sestet . The rhyme scheme is abba abba cdc dcd. The figures of speech like inversion adds special effect. There is use of archaic words. The poet has used simple and lucid language.
Message
Ordinary things also look beautiful if seen from the poet’s eye.

Audio Files of the Poem